TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES FOR MICROPOLLUTANT REMOVAL IN WASTEWATER

Bilgehan NAS; Taylan DOLU; Havva ATEŞ; M. Emin ARGUN; Esra YEL

TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES FOR MICROPOLLUTANT REMOVAL IN WASTEWATER

Bilgehan NAS, Taylan DOLU, Havva ATEŞ, M. Emin ARGUN, Esra YEL

Öz

Present of micropollutants in aquatic environments has become an alarming environmental problem for both living creatures and environment. Micropollutants, also called as emerging contaminants arise from natural substances and increasing variety of anthropogenic events. Micropollutants consist of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, steroid hormones, industrial chemicals, pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and other recently seen compounds. These emerging contaminants are commonly found in very low concentration in different water bodies ranging from a few ng/L to several μg/L.

Many existing Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) in all over the world are not especially designed for removing micropollutants. Low concentration and diversity of micropollutants complicate the dedection and analysis procedures during the treatment processes. Furthermore, entering micropollutants to the WWTPs continuously and stable structure of many micropollutants make difficult to eliminate these emerging compounds sufficiently. Therefore, many micropollutants of unknown concentration pass to aquatic environment from WWTPs. The occurence of micropollutants with a significant levels in aquatic environments disrupt the aquatic ecosystems with a number of adverse effects including short-term and long-term toxicity such as endocrine disrupting effects. Besides the known negative effects of micropollutants there are great number of micropollutants whose effects on living organisms are still unknown. As a result, removing these compounds is of a great importance both to protect environmental ecosystem and human health. Considering that the conventional methods are insufficient for removing the micropollutants other alternative treatment methods including coagulation–flocculation, activated carbon adsorption (powdered activated carbon and granular activated carbon), advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), membrane processes and membrane bioreactor can be applied for better removal.

In this study, alternative treatments methods and removal efficiencies of each treatment methods on different micropollutants were investigated and all alternative treatment methods were compared between each other in terms of micropollutant removal rates.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Micropollutants, removal efficiency, wastewater, wastewater treatment plants

Tam Metin:

PDF (English)

Referanslar

Alexander, J.T., Hai, F.I., Al-aboud, T.M.., 2012, “Chemical coagulation-based processes for trace organic contaminant removal: current state and future potential” J Environ Manage,111, pp. 195–207.

Asakura, H., Matsuto T., 2009, “ Experimental study of behavior of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in leachate treatment process and evaluation of removal efficiency”, Waste Manag., 29, pp.1852–9.

Beier, S., Cramer, C., Koster, S., Mauer, C., Palmowski, L., Schroder, H., et al., 2011, “Full scale membrane bioreactor treatment of hospital wastewater as forerunner for hot-spot wastewater treatment solutions in high density urban areas”, Water Sci Technol, 63, pp. 66–71.

Boehler, M., Zwickenpflug, B., Hollender, J., Ternes, T., Joss, A., Siegrist, H., 2006, “Removal of micropollutants in municipal wastewater treatment plants by powder-activated carbon”, Water Sci Technol, 66, pp. 2115–21.

Bolong, N., Ismail, A.F., Salim, M.R., Matsuura, T., 2009, “ A review of the effects of emerging contaminants in wastewater and options for their removal”, Desalination, 239, pp. 229–46.

Chen, J., Huang, X., Lee, D., 2008, “Bisphenol A removal by a membrane bioreactor”, Process Biochem, 43, pp.451–6.

Choi, K.J., Kim S.G., Kim S.H., 2008b, “Removal of antibiotics by coagulation and granular activated carbon filtration”, J Hazard Mater, 151, pp. 38–43.

Falas, P., Baillon-Dhumez, A., Andersen, H.R., Ledin, A., la Cour Jansen, J., 2012, “Suspended biofilm carrier and activated sludge removal of acidic pharmaceuticals”, Water Res ,46, pp. 1167–75.

Fent, K., Weston, A.A, Carminada, D., 2006, “Ecotoxicology of human pharmaceuticals”, Aquat Toxicol , 76, pp. 122–59.

Garcia, N., Moreno, J., Cartmell, E., Rodriguez-Roda, I., Judd, S., 2013, “The application of microfiltration-reverse osmosis/nanofiltration to trace organics removal for municipal wastewater reuse” Environ Technol, 34, pp. 3183–3189.

Gerrity, D., Gamage, S., Holady, J.C., Mawhinney, D.B., Quinones, O., Trenholm, R.A., et al., 2011, “Pilot-scale evaluation of ozone and biological activated carbon for trace organic contaminant mitigation and disinfection”, Water Res ,45, pp. 2155–65.

Grover, D.P., Zhou, J.L., Frickers, P.E., Readman, J.W., 2011, “Improved removal of estrogenic and pharmaceutical compounds in sewage effluent by full scale granular activated carbon: impact on receiving river water”, J Hazard Mater 185, pp. 1005–11.

Guo, W., Ngo, H., Vigneswaran, S., Chapter 20: enhancement of membrane processes with attached growth media. In: Zhang T.C., Surampalli, R.Y., Vigneswaran, S., Tyagi, R.D., Ong, S.L., Kao, C.M., editors. 2012, “Membrane technology and environmental applications”, USA: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). p. 603–34.

Hernández-Leal, L., Temmink, H., Zeeman, G., Buisman, C.J.N., 2011, “Removal of micropollutants from aerobically treated grey water via ozone and activated carbon”, Water Res ,45, pp. 2887–96.

Hollender, J., Zimmermann, S.G., Koepke, S., Krauss, M., McArdell, C.S., Ort, C., et al., 2009, “Elimination of organic micropollutants in a municipal wastewater treatment plant upgraded with a full-scale post-ozonation followed by sand filtration”, Environ Sci Technol, 43, pp. 7862–9.

Jermann, D., Pronk, W., Boller, M., Schäfer, A.I., 2009, “The role of NOM fouling for the retention of estradiol and ibuprofen during ultrafiltration”, J Membr Sci, 329, pp. 75–84.

Kim, I., Yamashita, N., Tanaka, H., 2009b, “ Performance of UV and UV/H2O2 processes for the removal of pharmaceuticals detected in secondary effluent of a sewage treatment plant in Japan”, J Hazard Mater, 166, pp. 1134–40.

Kovalova, L., Siegrist, H., Singer, H., Wittmer, A., McArdell, C.S., 2012, “Hospital wastewater treatment by membrane bioreactor: performance and efficiency for organic micropollutant elimination”, Environ Sci Technol,46, pp. 1536–45.

Kovalova, L., Siegrist, H., von Gunten, U., Eugster, J., Hagenbuch, M., Wittmer, A., et al., 2013, “Elimination of micropollutants during post-treatment of hospital wastewater with powdered activated carbon, ozone, and UV”, Environ Sci Technol, 47, pp. 7899–908.

Luo, Y., Guo, W., Ngo, H.H., Nghiem, L.D., Hai, F.I., Zhang, J., Liang, S., Wang Xiaochang C., 2014, “A review on the occurrence of micropollutants in the aquatic environment and their fate and removal during wastewater treatment”, Science of the Total Environment, 473–474, pp. 619–641.

Matamoros, V., Salvadó, V., 2013, “Evaluation of a coagulation/flocculation-lamellar clarifier and filtration-UV-chlorination reactor for removing emerging contaminants at full-scale wastewater treatment plants in Spain”, J Environ Manage, 117, pp. 96–102.

Ngo, H., Guo,W., Vigneswaran, S., Chapter 8:membrane processes forwater reclamation and reuse. In: Zhang, T.C., Surampalli, R.Y., Vigneswaran, S., Tyagi, R.D., Ong, S.L., Kao, C.M., editors. 2012, “Membrane technology and environmental applications”, USA: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). p. 239–75.

Pruden, A., Pei, R., Storteboom, H., Carlson, K.H., 2006, “Antibiotic resistance genes as emerging contaminants: studies in Northern Colorado”, Environ Sci Technol, 40, pp. 7445–50.

Radjenovic, J., Petrovic, M., Barceló, D., 2009, “Fate and distribution of pharmaceuticals in waste-water and sewage sludge of the conventional activated sludge (CAS) and advanced membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment”, Water Res, 43, pp. 831–41.

Radjenovic, J., Petrovic, M., Barceló, D., 2007, “Analysis of pharmaceuticals in wastewater and removal using a membrane bioreactor”, Anal Bioanal Chem, 387, pp. 1365–77.

Reungoat, J., Escher, B.I., Macova, M., Keller, J., 2011, “Biofiltration of wastewater treatment plant effluent: effective removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products and reduction of toxicity”, Water Res, 45, pp. 2751–62.

Roh, H., Subramanya, N., Zhao, F., Yu, C.P, Sandt, J., Chu, K-H., 2009, “Biodegradation potential of wastewater micropollutants by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria”, Chemosphere, 77, pp. 1084–9.

Rossner, A., Snyder, S.A., Knappe, D.R.U., 2009, “Removal of emerging contaminants of concern by alternative adsorbents”, Water Res, 43, pp. 3787–96.

Schäfer, A.I., Akanyeti, I., Semião, A.J.C., 2011, “Micropollutant sorption to membrane polymers: a review of mechanisms for estrogens”, Adv Colloid Interface, 164, pp. 100–17.

Snyder, S.A., Adham, S., Redding, A.M., Cannon, F.S., DeCarolis, J., Oppenheimer, J., et al., 2007, “Role of membranes and activated carbon in the removal of endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals”, Desalination, 202, pp. 156–81.

Steinle-Darling, E., Litwiller, E., Reinhard, M., 2010, “Effects of sorption on the rejection of trace organic contaminants during nanofiltration”, Environ Sci Technol, 44, pp. 2592–8.

Suárez, S., Lema, J.M., Omil, F., 2009, “Pre-treatment of hospital wastewater by coagulation–flocculation and flotation”, Bioresour Technol, 100, pp. 2138–46.

Sui, Q., Huang, J., Deng, S., Yu, G., Fan, Q., 2010, “Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals, caffeine and DEET in wastewater treatment plants of Beijing, China”, Water Res, 44, pp. 417–26.

Thuy, P.T., Moons, K., Van Dijk, J.C., Viet Anh, N., Van der Bruggen, B., 2008, “To what extent are pesticides removed from surface water during coagulation–flocculation”, Water Environ J, 22, pp. 217–23.

Trinh, T., van den Akker, B., Stuetz, R.M., Coleman, H.M., Le-Clech, P., Khan, S.J., 2012. Removal of trace organic chemical contaminants by a membrane bioreactor. Water Sci Technol, 66, pp. 1856–63.

Verlicchi, P., Galletti, A., Petrovic, M., Barceló, D., 2010, “Hospital effluents as a source of emerging pollutants: an overview of micropollutants and sustainable treatment options”, J Hydrol, 389, pp. 416–28.

Vieno, N., Tuhkanen, T., Kronberg, L., 2006, “Removal of pharmaceuticals in drinking water treatment: effect of chemical coagulation”, Environ Techno, 27, pp. 183–92.

Westerhoff, P., Yoon, Y., Snyder, S., Wert, E., 2005, “Fate of endocrine-disruptor, pharmaceutical, and personal care product chemicals during simulated drinking water treatment processes”, Environ Sci Technol, 39, pp. 6649–63.

Yangali-Quintanilla, V., Maeng, S.K., Fujioka, T., Kennedy, M., Li, Z., Amy, G., 2011, “Nanofiltration vs. reverse osmosis for the removal of emerging organic contaminants in water reuse”, Desalin Water Treat,34, pp. 50–6.