ANAEROBİK ÇÜRÜTÜCÜ SUYUNDAN PİLOT ÖLÇEKLİ AKR SİSTEMİ İLE BİYOLOJİK AZOT GİDERİMİNİN OPTİMİZE EDİLMESİ
Öz
Pilot ölçekli tek kademe ardışık kesikli reaktör (AKR) uygulaması ile anaerobik çamur çürütücü süzüntü suyundan (AÇSS) N, P ve organik madde giderimi 2 ve 4 fazlı ve farklı sıralı olarak çalışılmıştır. Biyolojik azot gideriminde kısmi nitrifikasyon ve nitrit üzerinden denitrifikasyon (denitritasyon) prosesleri uygulanmıştır. Azot giderimine etki eden iki sınırlayıcı faktör, amonyum için bikarbonat ve nitrit için basit yapıda organik madde eksikliği olarak oluşmuştur. Nitritasyonla eşzamanlı organik maddenin oksitlenmesi, teorik alkalinite gereksinimini düşürürken oluşan uçucu yağ asitleri (UYA) denitritasyonu desteklememiştir. Fosfat sadece biyosentez amaçlı giderilmiştir. Aerobik oksidasyonda oluşan UYA’nın denitritasyonla gideriminin çok düşük seviyede kalması UYA’nın sistemde oluşan fakültatif bakterilerin tüketebileceğinden daha kompleks yapıda oluştuğunu göstermektedir. Yüksek UYA gideriminin elde edildiği durumda ise AÇSS ile gelen anaerobik bakterilerin etkin olduğu gözlenmiştir. Elde edilen nitritasyon hızları artan amonyum yükleme hızında artış göstermiş ve 20 oC için literatürle uyumlu olarak elde edilmiştir. Çamur yaşı nitrifikasyon için gerekli seviyelerde elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, AKR teknolojisi ile kısmi nitrifikasyonun gerçekleşmesi için yüksek sıcaklık ve düşük çamur yaşı ihtiyacı olmadığını göstermiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Tam Metin:
PDFReferanslar
Anthonisen, A.C., Loehr, R.C., Prakasam, T.B.S., Srinath, E.G., 1976, “Inhibition of nitrication by ammonia and nitrous acid”, Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol.48, No.5, pp. 835–852.
Celant De Pra, M., Kunz, A., Bortoli, M., Perondid, T. and Chinia, A., 2012, “Simultaneous removal of TOC and TSS in swine wastewater using the partial nitritation process”, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology.
Dosta, J., Gali,A., Benabdallah El-Hadj, T., Mace, S., Mata-Alvarez, J., 2007, “Operation and model description of a sequencing batch reactor treating reject water for biological nitrogen removal via nitrite”, Bioresource Technology, Vol.98, pp. 2065–2075.
Gabarro, J., Ganigue, R., Gich, F., Ruscalleda, M., Balaguer, M.D., Colprim, J., 2012, “Effect of temperature on AOB activity of a partial nitritation SBR treating landfill leachate with extremely high nitrogen concentration”, Bioresource Technology, Vol.126, pp.283–289.
Gali, A., Dosta, J., van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., Mata-Alvarez, J., 2007, “Two ways to achieve an anammox influent from real reject water treatment at lab-scale: Partial SBR nitrification and SHARON process”, Process Biochemistry, Vol.42, pp. 715–720.
Ganigue, R., Gabarro, J., Sanchez-Melsio, A., Ruscalleda, M., Lopez, H., Vila, X., Colprim, J., Balaguer, M. D., 2009, “Long-term operation of a partial nitritation pilot plant treating leachate with extremely high ammonium concentration prior to an anammox process”, Bioresource Technology, Vol.100, pp. 5624–5632.
Gieseke, A., Bjerrum, L, Wagner, M, Amann, R., 2003, “Structure and activity of multiple nitrifying bacterial populations co-existing in a biofilm”, Environmental Microbiology, Vol.5, No.5, pp. 355-369.
Hellinga, C., van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., Heijnen, J.J., 1999, “Model based design of a novel process for Nitrogen Removal from concentrated flows”, Math Comput Model Dyn Syst, Vol.5, pp.351–371.
Jetten, M.S.M., Wagner, M., Fuerst, J., van Loosdrecht, M., Kuenen, G., Strous M., 2001, “Microbiology and application of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process”, Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Vol.12, pp. 283–288.
Bernat, K., Kulikowska, D., Zielinska, M., Cydzik-Kwiatkowska, A., Wojnowska-Baryła, I., 2011, “Nitrogen removal from wastewater with a low COD/N ratio at a low oxygen concentration”, Bioresource Technology, Vol.102, pp. 4913–4916.
Liang, Z., Liu, J., 2007, “Control factors of partial nitritation for landfill leachate treatment”, Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol.19, pp. 523–529.
Lopez-Palau, S., Dosta, J., Pericas, A., Mata-Alvarez, J., 2011, “Partial nitrification of sludge reject water using suspended and granular biomass”, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Vol.86, pp. 1480–1487.
Mahne, I., Prinčič, A., Megušar, F., 1996, “ Nitrification/denitrification in nitrogen high-strength liquid wastes”, Water Research, Vol.30, No.9, pp. 2107-2111.
Metcalf and Eddy, 2003, Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse, 4th ed., McGRAW-Hill Companies, Inc., New York, A.B.D.
Mulder, J. W., Duin, J. O .J., Goverde, J., Poiesz, W. G., Van Veldhuizen, H. M., Van Kempen, R., Roeleveld, P., 2006, “Full-scale experience with the SHARON process through the eyes of the operators”, Water Environment Foundation, WEFTEC, 5256-5270.
Peng, B., Zhu, G., 2006, “Biological nitrogen removal with nitrification and denitrification via nitrite pathway”, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol.73, pp. 15–26.
Singh, M., Srivastava, R. K., 2011, “Sequencing batch reactor technology for biological wastewater treatment: a review”, Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.6, pp. 3–13.
Sri Shalini, S., Joseph, K., 2012, “Nitrogen management in landfill leachate: application of SHARON, ANAMMOX and combined SHARON–ANAMMOX process”, Waste Management, Vol.32, pp. 2385–2400.
STOWA (Dutch Foundation for Applied Water Research), 2006, “SHARON and SHARON/ANAMMOX Process Sheets”, http://stowa-selectedtechlogies.nl/Sheets/index.html
Strous, M., Kuenen, J. G., Jetten, M., 1999, “Key physiological parameters of anaerobic ammonium oxidation”, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol.65, pp. 3248 – 3250.
Strous, M., van Gerven, E., Kuenen, J. G., Jetten, M., 1997, “Ammonium removal from concentrated waste streams with the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process in different reactor configurations”, Water Research, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol.31, pp. 1955 – 1962.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 1993, Process Design Manual for Nitrogen Control, Cincinnati, Ohio, A.B.D.
Van de Graaf, A.A., Brujin, P.D., Robertson, L.A., Jetten, M.S.M., Kuenen, J.G., 1996, “Autotrophic growth of anaerobic ammonium-oxidising micro-organisms in a fluidized bed reactor”, Microbiology, Vol.142, pp. 2187–2196.
Van Dongen, U., Jetten, M.S.M., van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., 2001, “The SHARONANAMMOX process for treatment of ammonium rich wastewater”, Water Science and Technology, Vol.44, pp. 153–60.
Van Hulle, S.W.H., Volcke, E.I.P., Teruel, J.L., Donckels, B., Van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., Vanrolleghem, P.A., 2007, “Influence of temperature and pH on the kinetics of the Sharon nitritation process”, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Vol.82, pp. 471–480.
Van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., 2004, “Recent development on biological wastewater nitrogen removal technologies”, In: Proceedings of the presentation in international conference on wastewater treatment for nutrient removal and reuse (ICWNR’04).
Vadivelu, V. M., Keller, J., Yuan, Z. 2007, “Effect of free ammonia on the respiration and growth processes of an enriched Nitrobacterculture”, Water Research, Vol. 41, No.4, pp. 826-834.
WEF, ASCE, EWRI, 2005, Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) Operation in Wastewater Treatment Plants, WEFPRESS, Mc Graw-Hill, A.B.D.
Yamamoto, T., Wakamatsu, S., Qiao, S., Hira, D., Fujii, T., Furukawa, K., 2011, “Partial nitritation and anammox of a livestock manure digester liquor and analysis of its microbial community”, Bioresource Technology, Vol.102, pp. 2342–2347.
Yilmaz, G., Lemaire, R., Keller, J., Yuan, Z., 2008, “Simultaneous Nitrification, Denitrification,and Phosphorus Removal From Nutrient-Rich Industrial Wastewater Using Granular Sludge”, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol.100, No.3, pp. 529-541.
Zeng, R. J., Lemaire, R., Yuan, Z., Keller, J., 2003, “Simultaneous Nitrification, Denitrification and Phosphorus Removal in a Lab-Scale Sequencing Batch Reactor”, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 170-178.
Madde Ölçümleri
Metrics powered by PLOS ALM
Refback'ler
- Şu halde refbacks yoktur.
Telif Hakkı (c) 2015 Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik, Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi
Tarayan Veri Tabanları
.gif)
